the big book of china a guided tour through 5 000 years of history and culture
LINK 1 ENTER SITE >>> Download PDF
LINK 2 ENTER SITE >>> Download PDF
File Name:the big book of china a guided tour through 5 000 years of history and culture.pdf
Size: 4153 KB
Type: PDF, ePub, eBook
Category: Book
Uploaded: 23 May 2019, 20:12 PM
Rating: 4.6/5 from 600 votes.
Status: AVAILABLE
Last checked: 7 Minutes ago!
In order to read or download the big book of china a guided tour through 5 000 years of history and culture ebook, you need to create a FREE account.
eBook includes PDF, ePub and Kindle version
✔ Register a free 1 month Trial Account.
✔ Download as many books as you like (Personal use)
✔ Cancel the membership at any time if not satisfied.
✔ Join Over 80000 Happy Readers
the big book of china a guided tour through 5 000 years of history and cultureOur payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. We don’t share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we don’t sell your information to others. Please try again.Please try again.Please try again. Please try your request again later. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Videos Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video. Upload video To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. Please try again.Please try again.Please try again. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. Please try again later. K 5.0 out of 5 stars If you're a beginner, it's so great, because it teaches you how, when and why to do things. If you're shy about the gym, it shows you things to do at home. If you're advanced, it'll give you more ideas for your workout and it's always good to shake things up. Either way.buy this book!! You won't regret it!Explains how to use equipment.I purchased way back yonder, and it looks like it, because I constantly refer back to it (years later). I love how the author details how specific exercise works a specific muscle(s) area.It breaks down routines for each level and gives pros and cons for everything. I learned quite a few new things that I had not found in any magazines and found myself inspired again. This is definitely a great investment especially for beginners and intermediate excercisers.http://project-st.ru/userfiles/bose-lifestyle-model-20-music-center-manual.xml
- Tags:
- the big book of china a guided tour through 5 000 years of history and culture.
Advanced levels are also helped by means of mixing up your routines but not as extensive as they would be from Oxygen magazines. For a woman serious about her body and excercise this book is a definite plus!!Explains how to put together your own routines, but also gives beginner, intermediate, and advanced workouts to follow. And as much as I enjoy this book.It WILL fall apart after a few weeks of use. Would be perfect spiral bound.Believe it or not, some of the info presented can even be found in Weight training for Dummies (though it has alot of extra verbiage!). One of the better features of the book is where they demonstrate how to progress through a 6 wk weight-training program.this is an excellent idea esp.Unbelievable!! In making this purchase, it seems like there is too much of a trade-off between reading up on the material and actually maintaining the book in decent condition. Not a bad resource overall.Only downside, it's hardback would like this in a paperback cover. Groups Discussions Quotes Ask the Author To see what your friends thought of this book,This book is not yet featured on Listopia.It has great muscle diagrams and great step by step instructions (with colour photographs) of all exercises and stretches. Each chapter has an introduction, muscle diagram and workout plan each for Beginners, Intermediates, Advanced, and Can't-Get-To-The-Gym. In addition there is advice for how to It has great muscle diagrams and great step by step instructions (with colour photographs) of all exercises and stretches. In addition there is advice for how to customise your own workout. I did find a few typo errors and a page where the text was repeated from another. If there was this book would have 5 stars and I could say it is the only book I would need for weight training. Still - is a pretty great find! Puts an end to the myth about the importance of doing lots of reps at low weight to get lean muscles. Women can't naturally bulk.http://shopcode.ru/uploads/bose-lifestyle-manual.xml Key points: 8-10 reps and the last to reps should be hard. That lets you know the correct weight. Do 3 sets. Always give a day rest in between the same exercise of a muscle. Lots of good lifting exercise examples for all areas. Puts an end to the myth about the importance of doing lots of reps at low weight to get lean muscles. Lots of good lifting exercise examples for all areas. There are no discussion topics on this book yet.We've got you covered with the buzziest new releases of the day. How Heavy Should I Lift? Especially if you're completely new to weight training for women or have just started a new strength training program. And, it doesn't stop at dumbbells. Selecting the correct medicine ball, kettlebell, barbell or kettlebell for your chosen goal is important to nail this from the offset because if you go too light, you won't reap the benefits, and if you go too heavy, you risk injury. Even seasoned lifters need to assess their choice of weight depending on what they're trying to achieve in their workout. People often wonder: 'Is heavier always better?' Well, the long and short answer is no. This is because you use weights to either build endurance, strength or lean muscle, which you'll hear gym buffs refer to as hypertrophy. Whether you're on a beginner weight lifting routine for weight loss or a seasoned pro following a more tailored plan, most workout plans you'll often come across instructions that require you to choose a light, medium or heavy weight. Here's what you need to know to do this, plus tips on how you apply these tips to different exercises in your workout. How do I choose the right weight. Exercises that call for a lighter weight Core moves require a lighter weight, especially in the early days. If you try to jackknife or leg raise with a weight that's too heavy, you'll end up recruiting muscles in your back and neck. Exercises that call for a medium weight Full body moves will bring you to a middle ground at the weights rack.http://www.raumboerse-luzern.ch/mieten/3gs-europlex-manuals This is because, you can call on your core stabiliser muscles to keep you strong while working lower and upper body together. Think weighted lunges or squats. Similarly renegade rows or med ball slams, which use a bit of everything, do the same and will call for a medium weight. Exercises that call for a heavy weight Moves that are less explosive and recruit your biggest muscle groups need heavy weights to be effective.Can I move through this exercise with correct form. Will I be able to keep correct form in every rep. Will I be able to complete all the sets. Do I feel like I’m being challenged. Guideline weights For different exercises in your training plan you will be given a weight suggestion of light, moderate or heavy. Now, how light or how heavy you go changes from person-to-person because of existing strength levels. That said, here is a guideline for each of these weight categories, depending on where you gauge your ability.SIGN UP TO OUR NEWSLETTER to receive your weekly dose of features. You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.ioTry This 4-Week Plan All rights reserved. Basically, all gym weights that aren't machines or cables. So, if you're fortunate enough to be around some of the heavy stuff, it may be time to figure out how to use it to your advantage. Especially as planning a weights workout (or a home workout with weights) can be a head-scratching task. How many reps or sets are best. How heavy should the weight be. What exactly is a tricep kickback and how can it fit into a broader workout. Well, fret not future free weight aficionados, WH has spoken to the experts, compiled the best free weight exercises and answered all your FAQs about weight training exercises. Ready? Go on, then. Free weights (sometimes referred to as gym weights) are classified differently from their machine counterparts as they're not subject to single fixed movements, as say a pull-down machine or leg press would be.http://1a-vermietung.com/images/boss-br-8-digital-recorder-manual.pdf In spite of this fundamental difference between free weights and weight machines, the choice to use either or both really comes down to what's available to you. If you're into gym workouts, the world really is your oyster. How should I warm up for a free weights session. Instead, your warm-up should mimic the movements to come in your workout is a good approach to take. For example, say you’re working up to a heavy squat in today’s lower body session, spend a portion of your workout pumping out some bodyweight squats and lunges, first. Wondering why a dynamic warm-up is best. Well, static stretches can potentially de-stabilise cold muscles before a workout and so should be saved for after your workout. How heavy should my weights be. How heavy your free weights are is totally specific to you. It'll be dependent on your fitness levels, training history and the purpose of your workout. To help pick the right weight for your workout ask yourself these five questions: can I feel the weight.Not going too heavy, too fast and injuring yourself. 'Once the exercise gets easier, modify it,' says PT Dalton Wong. 'You can increase the weight, add more reps, up the tempo or tweak the exercise. Your body likes the path of least resistance so once it's used to a plan, it's time to adapt it.' Change sides a) Begin with your right hand and right knee on a bench or knee height flat surface, your left foot stepped out wide and a dumbbell in your left hand, hanging down.Lower back to start. 2. Dumbbell chest press Bend the elbows slowly, bringing the dumbbells in a straight line down to either side of your chest.Start with your weaker leg a) With feet and hips facing forwards, start with one foot raised on a step and your other leg a stride behind you.Without stopping at the bottom, push back up to the start position. Now swap legs. 4. Seated shoulder press If you only make it to 11, use a lighter weight.https://realwebguys.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16272484fd740f---breckwell-p26-manual.pdf If you smash 15, use a heavier weight a) Sitting upright on a bench, start with dumbbells held straight above your head. Slowly bend your elbows and lower dumbbells until they are in line with your shoulders.Use a 20kg barbell and 5kg weights on each side a) Sit on the floor, back against a bench or step. Roll a dumbbell (or barbell) onto the front of your hips. With knees bent, shoulders on the bench, drive hips off the floor until your back is parallel.Go to just below knee height and then stand straight again. Clench your glutes and core muscles as you do so, Repeat. 7. Step-ups Bend arms at the elbow, keeping shoulders still until the dumbbells almost reach them.Slowly lean back until your back is parallel to the floor.Good on you. Here are three ready-made weights workouts for you to follow.Whether that's at the gym or at home, you're in safe hands with mega-trainer Kelsey Wells. 2. Kettlebell free weight workout with Caroline Girvan You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.You'll alternate between work and rest, so make sure to have a water bottle close by. You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.ioTry This 4-Week Plan All rights reserved. Join today and unleash the power of BodyFit!The days of aerobics, sweating to the oldies and wearing leotards are long and gone. The gyms are filled with women who pick up nothing heavier than a pink dumbbell. They think if they pick up some real weight that they'll wake up the next morning looking like a linebacker in the NFL. The women will make their way back to the weight room and they'll proceed to do dumbbell curls and triceps kickbacks with the puny pink dumbbells.art-electric.com/userfiles/car-users-manuals.pdf If you're one of those women who think you'll get big and bulky from lifting weights, you need to dismiss that myth right now. I had a lady who won the Mrs. Kentucky pageant (not a figure or bodybuilding competition) squatting her body weight and doing chin-ups. Here are some examples: Without intensity you simply won't get a great training effect. So, what is the proper intensity? This is the best way that I can explain it: if you're going to do a set of eight reps, then that last rep should be tough and you should be able to complete one more rep (maybe two) but absolutely no more. You need to finish your sets knowing you could have done one absolutely no more than two more reps. It is that intensity that will actually challenge your muscles and help you build a lean and fit body. Example: sets of five reps. To lift with less intensity, you simply train in a higher rep range. Example: sets of 12 reps. I'll tie all of this together later. Plus, you will be stimulating a lot of muscle mass each training session so your metabolism with be elevated longer. The only time I recommend doing straight sets (meaning you do all the prescribed sets and reps for one exercise before moving on to the next) is on lower body days. This will allow you to get more work done in less time; that is always a good thing. Avoid injury and keep your form in checkAvoid injury and keep your form in checkAvoid injury and keep your form in checkAvoid injury and keep your form in checkJust focus on using the best exercises and train in different rep ranges. Do not spend all of your time training in a high rep range. It will greatly benefit your body if you train in a lower rep range as well. This is a systematic, periodized program that will teach you the fundamentals of strength training and transform your life one lift at a time. Get ready to learn, grow, and surprise yourself for 12 weeks! Bodybuilding.com 5777 N Meeker Ave, Boise, ID 83713-1520 USA 1-866-236-8417. Learn more here.http://joshuadacosta.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/162724861ac51a---breckwell-p231-manual.pdf How do I know so much about women growing strong? It’s only after discovering a love of strength training that I learned how to handle weight like this. But we will set you up on a path that if you want to, one day you’ll be able to. LIFE is easier when you’re stronger. Growing up, I was an extreme pear shape, but due to strength training, I now have more of an hourglass shape. You can train with free weights and barbells just like everybody else at the gym. Your muscles will constantly have to adapt and will constantly be rebuilding themselves to get stronger. This means you can work out ANYWHERE with bodyweight training: You got it: Once the 10 pound weights become too easy, pick up the 15 pound ones! Something designed for the weights in your apartment’s gym? Plus they’ll scale your workouts as you grow stronger, turning you into a superhero! This is great for building powerful, strong muscles in your core, legs, glutes, and so on. Stick to the Level 4 Gym Workouts until you build up the strength to progress to barbells. If they look close you’re doing great! Through our snazzy app, a Nerd Fitness Coach (like me!) will review your movement to make sure you are training correctly and safely! It’s better to finish a workout full of momentum and say “I can do more!” than defeated and saying “that was too much, crapola.” So honestly, you don’t need to ever set foot on a treadmill again (unless you WANT to). We work with you on habit building and lifestyle design to actually get stuff done! Learn more here. No matter your size, shape, sex, gender, age, or whether you love Star Trek more than Star Wars, these are the best exercises to build a great physique. Everybody should have a goal to get their first pull-up. Recruits nearly every push muscle in your whole body, and a great core workout. Uses every “pull,” leg, and core muscle in your body. Uses every “push” movement in your upper body and can get you strong as heck! Targets shoulders and triceps more than chest.http://artmetinc.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16272486fc6a72---breckwell-p2700-manual.pdf If you are going to ever do barbell squats, you need to work on hitting proper depth with a bodyweight squat first! No strength training routine should be without pull-up or chin-up work! (Click here if you can’t do a pull-up or chin-up yet ?) Warning: these are very advanced, but incredible strength-building exercises. It also burns crazy calories and makes life better. This is a MUST: Actually no, it IS the best exercise of all time. It’s certainly the most primal: “pick the weight up off the ground. Done.” This recruits all of the muscles in your chest, shoulders, and arms in order for you to lift the weight over your head. Lie on a bench, and lower a barbell until it almost touches your chest. Pause, and then press it back up towards the sky. Repeat! And get strong. Use 20 seconds of courage, recruit a friend who has lifted or trained before, and try your best. You’ll need to eat more calories than you burn. You’ll need to eat fewer calories than you burn. This should result in gaining half a pound per week. Take your TDEE and subtract 250 calories to receive your daily goal. This should result in losing about a half-pound a week. Consider protein shakes. Rebel Leader Steve and I both supplement with shakes daily to meet our protein goals. It’s THAT important when it comes to either weight loss or building muscle. I’m not kidding when I say it should make up a portion of every meal you eat. I really don’t want to. That’s AWESOME! Which is great. Good for them. Don’t do side bends and sit-ups, because you’re wasting your time! They will simply strengthen your side muscles without actually reducing any fat there, potentially making you bigger around the waist unless you change your diet as well. They can also wreak havoc on your lower back, and are an incomplete exercise. If you have flabby arms or a big stomach, doing thousands of bicep curls and thousands of crunches won’t help.www.argo-naut.com/userfiles/files/car-users-manuals-online.pdf Reduce your caloric intake in a way that doesn’t make you miserable: Our section on the best strength training exercises for women would be good examples of compound movements. That’ll give you plenty of time to recover. We are interested in building the habit of strength training initially. We can up the frequency once you’re rocking and rolling. Then try this advanced circuit on for size. Use this guide to create your own bodyweight workout you can do anywhere! Want one? With one single piece of equipment you can get in a great workout. Let us create you a tailor-made solution for your life! Our philosophies help women like Leslie above and they can be the philosophies that help you become strong inside and out. Our fun habit-building app helps you exercise more frequently, eat healthier, and level up your life (literally). Our free community numbers in the hundreds of thousands scattered throughout the globe, and we need good people like you! The most important step you can do is to actually start. Source: PubMed. Source: PubMed Source: PubMed Don’t stress this. This marginal difference is overkill for a beginner. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults.” Source, PubMed. Go ahead and eat eggs! Examine has a great article pointing out protein requirements. There’s a lot of B.S. out there about fitness. We’re working to put a stop to it. Because this is how you use your body in everyday life, it’s a far more useful way to train your abs than isolating your mid-section. Training all your muscle groups helps to rev up your fat burn, not just while you work out but for hours later, too, thanks to its effect on your metabolism. “As well as getting you in shape, powerlifting increases skeletal strength and helps to reduce the risk of osteoporosis,” adds Evelyn. Don’t fight the power A nice side effect to building your muscles. Supreme confidence. “As a woman, I find powerlifting so empowering,” Evelyn says. “Being strong makes everyday life easier, too. It also makes the weights room seem a little less intimidating. Measuring your progress this way can really feel like a huge achievement. “You don’t have to train solely for your one rep max, but you can use powerlifting to structure your gym workout and inspire a long-term goal of increasing strength,” says Evelyn. How to do it Olympic barbells used for powerlifting in a gym are usually 20kg, but you can often find adjustable bars that weigh much less if these are too heavy for you. Gradually increase the weight you lift until you can manage the barbell. Then you can perform the remaining moves with slightly less resistance to make up the rest of your workout. Three workouts a week will target your whole body, burning fat and strengthening both your muscles and bones. Your Powerlifting Workout Try these workouts by Evelyn Stevenson to kick off your new body. Separate your powerlifting workouts into three weekly sessions consisting of five different moves, including your main powerlifting move. These should challenge you, but not prove impossible to complete. Finish performing every set of each move before moving onto another exercise. Take 60 to 90 seconds’ rest between each set. All rights reserved. Jobs Media Information Subscription Enquires Books Apps Your Online Choices Privacy Preferences External Links Jobs Media Information Subscription Enquires Books Apps Your Online Choices Privacy Preferences. Learn the secret to using exercise on demand services like a pro. Shop Aerobic Steps how I can help you Read my latest reviews S1 Ep.12 The Piyo Program--Don't Make This Mistake if You're Thinking About Trying it Out S3 Ep.7 An Honest Review of Les Mills on Demand (I wish I'd tried this sooner!) S3 Ep.3 Morning Meltdown 100--An Honest Review (and my recommendation) S2 Ep.8 A Deep Dive Into the Body Groove Program (Is it right for you?) podcast episodes top downloaded tune into the show on apple podcasts. I'm Mickie —your friendly home exercise guide. I'm here to help you make your home workout the best part of your day. Sorry guys! The Vault is for women.You’ve become a the Queen-of-Cardio and you’re ready to step up your game. It’s time to morph all that soft and supple into hard and chiseled. Adding weight training to your exercise routine is like adding ice cream to a warm brownie, flavored cream to coffee or spanx to your wardrobe. Enhancement, girls, enhancement. You’re an official Badass. (If you haven’t actually lifted a dumbbell yet then you’re teetering right at the edge of Badassville (AKA Awesometown). We’re waiting for you to arrive. You get a free t-shirt;-) Not really.) You can get more information about that here. It won’t pay off to buy the cheapest dumbbells. Yeah, that was dumb. You will (almost always) use them that way. I’ve done this. It sucks (because the grip is different on every model). Just because the man in your life has read a story about lifting weights, has friends that lift weights, has seen dumbbells in a magazine or maybe lifted weights in high school, doesn’t mean he knows what dumbbells are right for you. You’ll find that dumbbells come with different shapes in the head (the end pieces). There are round, square and hex heads. But obviously you may be able to find them at a different price somewhere else. It’s lasted forever but I have to wedge it up against other weights when I store it (to keep it from rolling) and I hate that I only bought ONE of these (see what I mean. Learn from my mistakes). It’s a specific style and I’ve never found another dumbbell with a similar grip so I don’t like to use it. I love that. These are softer and easier on your hardwood and tile floors. You can find the neoprene style in a lot of random sizes (like 9, 11, 17, etc.). Especially if you have your heart set on a specific color that you can only find in neoprene. The cost is comparable to neoprene (but slightly higher). The rubber will last forever and is easy on your hard surfaces (like hardwood and tile floors). These are my favorite option. After that, you can stick with the same style but may have to purchase them in black. You can find the heavier (black) ones here. This is general but will give you a good starting place. Keep it up!) and haven’t lifted anything heavier than a milk jug your entire life then consider investing in 3, 5, 8, and 10 lb.Try Cathe Friedrich’s LITE (low impact training extreme) PHA training workout. These are a variety of weight training and cardio routines for the intermediate athlete.You may or may not need it. Or maybe you’ve been using machines at the gym for so long that you aren’t sure what free weights (dumbbells) to buy. I can help. And a second option to look at would be Cathe Friedrich’s Muscle Max or Flex Train. So, you can read more about them before you buy. And you can read about P90X3 here. I don’t use them. It’s SUPER annoying to do this several times over the course of a workout. The heads of the dumbbells are too wide for me to do certain exercises without hitting my body. Overall, I find the design to be awkward when you go use them.) NEVER EVER sacrifice form to get more reps. You will hurt yourself. It’s dumb. You’ve been warned. Don’t do it. You’ll turn into an amazing badass. Thank you! You’re awesome. (I mean that.) I am an advanced lifter and I have the exact weights that she has mentioned but I am now considering investing in 25lbs for deadlifts and 17.5lbs for squats ( it’s hard to jump from 15lbs to 20lbs). Let me know what you think of the rubber dumbbells. You have a great perspective since you use dumbbells regularly and have tried other options. I think you’ll really like the rubber ones. They’re a great investment. And thank you for pointing out that vinyl can be slippery with sweaty hands. I need to add that to the article! I’ve made a few of these mistakes already. Thank you ?? Also, love the humor, makes it much more fun to read and learn! Just going to purchase some dumbbells (light weight) because I am a beginner. Since I leave in Uganda I won’t be able to purchase with your links but I now definitely know what I am going to buy. I’m so glad the article was helpful (and a little entertaining). Thank you for taking the time to leave feedback. Have an awesome day! Mickie Have you tried a Google search off of Amazon. There might be a private seller who still has a lot of inventory and isn’t price gouging. Thanks for posting here and letting me know about the price. I am actively looking for dumbbells since we are all exercising at home now. I really like your suggestion. I do have one question.Did they ever give you any calluses. Do you have to wear a glove to lift these? No, I’ve never developed calluses from the metal handles (and I don’t have any weight lifting gloves). However, if you’re prone to developing calluses then I’d get some gloves. It’s the perfect size for my hands. Let me know if you have anymore questions! Trying to create our home gym, you’ve answered all my questions. Thank you for this! Any info on how to start with kettlebells. I bought the bowflex adjustable kettlebell. I don’t regularly use kettlebells so I don’t have any recommendations for those. I’ll reach out to you if that changes. Thank you so much for taking the time to ask a great question and give me feedback on my article. Have a great day! Any advice for barbells. Thanks Tanja If you type that into the search bar you’ll find it. The weight capacity of that barbell is 65 lbs. I’ve found it to be the perfect size and weight for women. It’s the barbell that Cathe Friedrich uses in her workouts. Thanks for asking a great question. Best, Mickie Might you know where to find neoprene dumbbells over 20 lbs. I have looked everywhere online and I cannot find them anywhere.That’s a great question. I’ve never seen neoprene dumbbells over 15 lbs. I’m surprised you found some in 20’s. Unfortunately, I don’t think they make them in heavier sizes. I know that’s a bummer. Someone needs to make them in heavier sizes. I totally understand not wanting to switch to a different style. Thank you for taking the time to ask a great question and leave feedback. Best, Mickie So now I’m wondering if your top choice is rubber through research. Or literally the PVC of which the pictured dumbbells are made. I’m thinking the article should be updated with a corrected picture and link to rubber weights or corrected to say PVC as opposed to rubber. If it is PVC as pictured is that not harder than rubber or did it seem soft enough not to damage cheap apartment linoleum floors. I ask because I do like the color distinction in the weights but if they aren’t soft enough to prevent floor damage I’d have to go with the neoprene. Let me know what you think. They’re awesome and I stand by the recommendation. They’re durable and won’t peel or flake. I can’t imagine they’d damage your floors like a cast iron dumbbell would do but as with anything I’d say go with your gut. There’s nothing wrong with the neoprene dumbbells. Thanks for your feedback. Best, Mickie I had no idea they were both. The neoprene weights still work fine. I just HATE that they’re not one solid color anymore. It’s just not pretty. I would think rubber might do the same but was thinking that PVC probably wouldn’t. But now I’m understanding that these are both rubber and PVC. I could try colored again with these you mentioned and risk it. Or I did see that CAP also sells the PVC type in black. If I just go with black at least black bleeding on black wouldn’t be a problem. Or hopefully not. Also do you prefer the rubber with the PVC over just the rubber. Or would you prefer rubber without the PVC if they offered strictly rubber in colors also. Thank you for your time and advice. Including the article. Very informative, thank you.